Common adverse effects of corticosteroids include headache, emotional lability, insomnia, glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyspepsia, and exacerbation of psychiatric conditions; drug interactions should also be considered. Patients with diabetes may need to be admitted to the hospital for glycemic monitoring and control.
High-dose corticosteroids are associated with a rare, non–dose-dependent risk for aseptic femoral necrosis. For patients who are refractory to or not candidates for corticosteroids, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) gel (80 U/d IM or subQ daily for 10 d) is an option. This medication may be better tolerated, although it is much more expensive than corticosteroids. Plasmapheresis and IV immunoglobulin are also options for patients with refractory symptoms or contraindications to recommended therapies.1-3
ONGOING MANAGEMENT
Once a treatment plan is initiated, providers should carefully follow the patient’s response in terms of adverse effects, symptom improvement, and functional recovery. Those with refractory symptoms may need additional doses of the initial therapy or an alternative therapy.
The relapse recovery period may last several months and be complete or incomplete, so providers may also need to manage neurologic symptoms and functional deficits (with pharmacologic and/or nonpharmacologic options). Patients who have had a relapse should also meet with their neurology provider to discuss their disease-modifying therapy plan, since relapse indicates a suboptimal response to current therapy.