Q&A
Nephrolithiasis should be considered a manifestation of another underlying problem. If a patient presents with a kidney stone, attempt to identify the cause—not only to try to prevent recurrence, but also to identify a previously unrecognized disease process.
Kristina Unterseher, CNN-NP
PeaceHealth
St. John Medical Group
Longview, WA
REFERENCES
1. Fink HA, Wilt TJ, Eidman KE, et al. Medical management to prevent recurrent nephrolithiasis in adults: a systematic review for an American College of Physicians Clinical Guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(7):535-543.
2. Hiatt RA, Ettinger B, Caan B, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a low animal protein, high fiber diet in the prevention of recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stones. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;144(1):25-33.
3. Moe OW. Kidney stones: pathophysiology and medical management. Lancet. 2006; 367(9507):333-344.
4. American College of Radiology and Radiological Society of North America. Intravenous pyelogram (2013). www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=ivp. Accessed December 16, 2013.
5. Boyce CJ, Pickhardt PJ, Lawrence EM, et al. Prevalence of urolithiasis in asymptomatic adults: objective determination using low dose noncontrast computerized tomography. J Urol. 2010;183(3):1017-1021.
6. Christian C, Thorsten B. The preferred treatment for upper tract stones is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) or ureteroscopic: pro ESWL. Urology. 2009;74(2):259-262.
7. Bourdoumis A, Papatsoris AG, Chrisofos M, Deliveliotis C. Lower pole stone management. Med Surg Urol. 2012. www.omicsonline.org/lower-pole-stone-management%20-2168-9857.S4-004.php?aid=7058?abstract _id=7058. Accessed December 16, 2013.