A drug that targets mitochondrial function is largely safe and can be active in heavily pretreated patients with hematologic malignancies, a phase 1 trial indicates.
The drug, CPI-613, prompted responses in only 4 of 21 evaluable patients. However, 2 of those responses lasted more than 2 years.
CPI-613 was generally well-tolerated and did not induce bone marrow suppression. Four patients experienced renal failure, but it was reversed in 3 of them.
These results appear in Clinical Cancer Research.
“This drug is selectively taken up by cancer cells and then shuts down the production of energy in the mitochondria,” said study author Timothy Pardee, MD, PhD, of the Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
“This is the first drug to inhibit mitochondria in this way, and, if it proves effective in further clinical trials, it will open up a whole new approach to fighting cancer.”
Dr Pardee and his colleagues evaluated CPI-613 in 26 patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies—11 with acute myeloid leukemia, 6 with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 4 with multiple myeloma, 4 with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and 1 with Hodgkin lymphoma.
The median patient age was 65 years (range, 19-81), and the median number of prior therapies was 3 (range, 1-9).
Treatment dosing and toxicity
Patients received CPI-613 as a 2-hour infusion on days 1 and 4 for 3 weeks every 28 days.
When the infusion time was shortened to 1 hour, renal failure occurred in 2 patients. At 3780 mg/m2, there were 2 dose-limiting toxicities. There were no such toxicities at a dose of 2940 mg/m2 over 2 hours, so this was considered the maximum-tolerated dose.
The following grade 2 or higher toxicities were probably or definitely related to treatment: nausea (1 grade 2), vomiting (1 grade 3), diarrhea (3 grade 2), proteinuria (1 grade 2), renal failure (4 grade 3), hypotension (1 grade 2), hypocalcemia (1 grade 2), hypoalbuminemia (1 grade 2), and hyperkalemia (1 grade 3).
Renal failure was resolved in 3 of the 4 patients. The remaining patient chose hospice care.
Response data
Five patients discontinued treatment—1 refused therapy, 1 acquired an infection, and 3 developed acute kidney failure.
Of the 21 patients evaluable for response, 4 had an objective response following CPI-613 treatment, and 2 had prolonged stable disease.
One patient with MDS achieved a complete response that has been maintained for more than 3 years. A patient with acute myeloid leukemia achieved a morphologically leukemia-free state, went on to transplant, and is still alive and leukemia-free.
A patient with Burkitt lymphoma achieved a partial response after 3 cycles of therapy that was maintained for 17 cycles. She discontinued CPI-613 to have her residual disease resected, and has not received any treatment since. She is now disease-free more than 12 months later.
A patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma achieved a partial response that has been sustained for more than 2 years. At her request, she started to receive continuous therapy (no 1-week rest period), and she remains on treatment without significant toxicities and no evidence of marrow suppression.
The 2 patients with prolonged stable disease had MDS. Their disease was stable for 8 and 12 cycles, respectively. Two patients with multiple myeloma also initially had stable disease, but they progressed after 2 and 4 cycles, respectively.
Two patients died from disease progression while on study.
The researchers said these results suggest that agents targeting mitochondrial metabolism can be safe and active in hematologic malignancies. A phase 2 trial of CPI-613 is now underway.
Support for the phase 1 trial was provided by National Cancer Institute grants P30CA012197 and 1K08CA169809, the Doug Coley Foundation for Leukemia Research, the Frances P. Tutwiler Fund, The MacKay Foundation for Cancer Research, and Cornerstone Pharmaceuticals, which manufactured and provided CPI-613.
