Ustekinumab (Stelara, Janssen) appears superior to vedolizumab (Entyvio, Takeda) on multiple measures of response and remission among patients with Crohn’s disease who failed at least one anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy, in a retrospective analysis.
Of patients taking ustekinumab, a higher proportion (51%) met the primary endpoint of corticosteroid-free clinical remission at week 54. In the vedolizumab group, only 41% achieved the same outcome.
“Failure to anti-TNF therapy is a major concern in Crohn’s disease,” Anthony Buisson, MD, PhD, head of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, University Hospital Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France, said during the Digestive Disease Week 2021 virtual meeting.
Dr. Buisson estimated that 15% of patients with Crohn’s disease experience primary failure from an anti-TNF agent. Also, only slightly more than one-third (37%) remain in clinical remission at 1 year.
With that in mind, Dr. Buisson and his colleagues conducted the VENUS study to evaluate outcomes between ustekinumab and vedolizumab. These two biologic agents are indicated for Crohn’s disease and feature different mechanisms of action, compared with anti-TNF agents.
They assessed 312 adults with Crohn’s disease from two patient cohorts in France. All participants failed prior treatment with at least one anti-TNF agent, including approximately 20% who experienced a primary nonresponse.
The retrospective analysis included 224 patients treated with ustekinumab and another 88 with vedolizumab between July 2014 and May 2020. The two groups were comparable based on a propensity analysis. Other medications were allowed at the physician’s discretion.
Nonresponders and other outcomes
“Vedolizumab patients were more likely to be primary nonresponders than ustekinumab patients,” Dr. Buisson said. This group included 6% of patients taking ustekinumab versus 14% of those taking vedolizumab.
In contrast, regarding secondary loss of response, “we did not observe any [significant] difference between two groups,” he added.
The investigators defined corticosteroid-free remission as a Crohn’s Disease Activity Index less than 150 at week 54. They also assessed “deep remission” at 14 weeks, which was defined as meeting corticosteroid-free remission and a fecal calprotectin of less than 100 mcg/g.
They found that 26% of patients who received ustekinumab met the deep remission criteria versus 4% of those who received vedolizumab.
Dr. Buisson and colleagues also looked at time to drug escalation. A Kaplan Meier curve revealed that patients taking vedolizumab were more likely to be escalated, compared with those taking ustekinumab (hazard ratio, 1.35).
Furthermore, those treated with vedolizumab also featured a higher risk for drug discontinuation because of therapeutic failure (HR, 1.53).
“This is an interesting study comparing ustekinumab with vedolizumab in Crohn’s disease patients who have failed prior anti-TNF therapy,” Farah Monzur, MD, who was not affiliated with the study, told this news organization. “Although the researchers assessed corticosteroid-free remission and ‘deep remission,’ ” she said, endoscopic and histologic remission were not studied, “which have become the new targets to achieve.”
“Even so, this study adds to the literature, aiming to position these newer biologics in the treatment algorithm,” added Dr. Monzur, assistant professor of medicine and medical director of ambulatory GI at Stony Brook (N.Y.) Medicine.
Superior in subgroup analyses as well
“No subgroups were identified where vedolizumab was more effective than ustekinumab,” Dr. Buisson said. “In contrast, ustekinumab was more effective in five subgroups.”
The subgroups favoring ustekinumab included those patients not taking steroids at baseline, with no prior bowel resection, with a noncomplicated phenotype, with upper gastrointestinal involvement, and older than 35 years of age.
The retrospective analysis design was a limitation. The long follow-up and large sample size were strengths.
The authors concluded that ustekinumab was more effective to achieve early and long-term efficacy than vedolizumab in patients with Crohn’s disease who previously failed to anti-TNF agents.
“However, these data should be confirmed in a head-to-head randomized controlled trial,” Dr. Buisson said.
Dr. Buisson disclosed that he is a consultant for Janssen and Takeda. Dr. Monzur has disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
A version of this article first appeared on Medscape.com..