Dr. Advincula is Levine Family Professor of Women's Health, Vice-Chair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chief of Gynecologic Specialty Surgery, Sloane Hospital for Women; Medical Director, Mary and Michael Jaharis Simulation Center, Columbia University Medical Center/New York-Presbyterian Hospital. He serves on the OBG Management Board of Editors.
Tamisa Koythong, MD
Dr. Koythong is Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery Fellow, Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
Juan Liu, MD, PhD
Dr. Liu is Chief of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xiaoming Guan, MD, PhD
Dr. Guan is Chief of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.
Dr. Advincula reports serving as a consultant to AbbVie, ConMed, CooperSurgical, Eximis Surgical, Intuitive Surgical, and Titan Medical and receiving royalties from CooperSurgical. Dr. Guan reports that he is a speaker for Applied Medical. The other authors report no financial relationships relevant to this article.
Below we break down a description of vNOTES in 6 sections. Our patients are always placed in dorsal lithotomy position with TrenGuard (D.A. Surgical) Trendelenburg restraint. We prep the abdomen in case we need to convert to transabdominal surgery via transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic surgery or traditional laparoscopic surgery.
1. Vaginal entry
Accessing the peritoneal cavity through the vagina initially proceeds like a vaginal hysterectomy. We inject dilute vasopressin (20 U in 20 mL of normal saline) circumferentially in the cervix (for hysterectomy) or in the posterior cervix in the cervicovaginal junction (for adnexal surgery without hysterectomy) for vasoconstriction and hydrodissection.
We then incise the vaginal mucosa circumferentially with electrosurgical cautery and follow with posterior colpotomy. We find that reapproximating the posterior peritoneum to the posterior vagina with either figure-of-8 stitches or a running stitch of polyglactin 910 suture (2-0 Vicryl) assists in port placement, bleeding at the peritoneal edge, and closure of the cuff or colpotomy at the end of the case. We tag this suture with a curved hemostat.
Depending on whether a hysterectomy is being performed, anterior colpotomy is made. Again, the anterior peritoneum is then tagged to the anterior vaginal cuff in similar fashion, and this suture is tagged with a different instrument; we typically use a straight hemostat or Sarot clamp (FIGURE 1).
2. Traditional vaginal hysterectomy
After colpotomy, we prefer to perform progressive clamping of the broad ligament from the uterosacral and cardinal ligaments to the level of uterine artery as in traditional vaginal hysterectomy, if feasible.
3. Single-site port placement
The assembled GelPOINT Mini advanced access platform (Applied Medical) (FIGURE 2) is introduced through the vagina after the Alexis wound protector (included with the kit) is first placed through the colpotomy with assistance of Babcock clamps (FIGURE 3).
After ensuring that the green rigid ring of the Alexis wound protector is contained and completely expanded within the peritoneal cavity, we cross our previously tagged sutures as we find this helps with preventing the GelPOINT Mini access platform from inadvertently shifting out of the peritoneal cavity during surgery. The GelSeal cap is then secured and pneumoperitoneum is established (FIGURE 4).
