A Yes. Using 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate reduced the rate of preterm birth and low-birthweight infants. Women with a history of preterm birth should be offered weekly injections to minimize their risk. A dose of 250 mg of 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate should be given from approximately 20 to 34 weeks of gestation as weekly 1-mL intramuscular injections.
Expert commentary
Great progress has marked many medical problems in recent years, but premature delivery is not one of them. Rather, the rate of preterm birth, defined as delivery at less than 37 weeks of gestation, rose to 12.3% in 2003, continuing its steady increase in the United States since the mid-1900s.1 This lack of progress has stimulated renewed interest in the use of progestational agents to prevent premature delivery.
Why do the study now?
Previous metaanalyses were inconclusive. There were statistical flaws, and the analyses did not include 2 studies from 2003. In this analysis, Sanchez-Ramos and colleagues followed guidelines for metaanalyses and systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials defined by the Quality of Reporting of Meta-Analyses conference.2
In addition, they included only trials that:
- evaluated the efficacy of progestational agents to prevent preterm birth in women at elevated risk,
- assigned patients to either a progestational agent or placebo, and
- clearly defined preterm birth.
The findings
There was a significant reduction in the rate of preterm delivery in women who received progestational agents, compared with placebo (26.2% versus 35.9%; odds ratio 0.45, 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.80). This reduction was observed not only in studies assessing 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, but also in investigations of other progestational agents such as allylestrenol.
Overall, women who received progesterone had lower hospitalization rates for threatened preterm labor and fewer infants weighing less than 2,500 g, compared with women taking placebo.
A possible exception: multiple gestation. Only 1 of the RCTs in this analysis included multiple gestations, and that trial failed to show a reduction in preterm births.
Limitations of the analysis
The 10 RCTs included in the metaanalysis had generally modest numbers of patients and outcome events, so there was not enough statistical power to make precise estimates of incidence and to detect significant and clinically important differences in some outcome variables, such as perinatal mortality.
Overall, however, the metaanalysis was well performed and reached the same conclusion as the most recent and largest randomized trial3: Progesterone effectively prevents preterm delivery.