Twenty-five percent of girls aged 13–17 had received at least one dose of the human papillomavirus vaccine, according to results from the second National Immunization Survey (NIS-Teen).
“This was very good for a first-year measurement for a new vaccine,” Dr. Lance Rodewald, director of the division of immunization services at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, said during a briefing.
But while coverage rates for routinely recommended vaccines among U.S. teens are increasing, the number of adolescents fully immunized against diseases such as pertussis and meningitis is not yet at the 90% goal set by a government-led initiative.
The Healthy People 2010 initiative set goals for youths 13–15 years of age with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine, two doses of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, one dose of tetanus-diphtheria or tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine, and one dose of varicella vaccine for those who had not had chickenpox.
Healthy People 2010 did not include a goal for the HPV vaccine because it is still so new. The quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV4) is complete at three doses. Dr. Rodewald said an estimated 2.5 million 13- to 17-year-old girls have received the vaccine to date.
Dr. Rodewald presented results from the second NIS-Teen, which he described as a national “report card on the implementation of the vaccines.” During the last quarter of 2007, parents of children between the ages of 13 and 17 were interviewed about their child's vaccination history. The survey included 3,000 adolescents as participants, split almost evenly between boys and girls.
The 13- to 17-year-old age group was selected because, according to Dr. Rodewald, the vaccines are targeted to 11- and 12-year-olds.
For HPV in particular, Dr. Rodewald said, 11- and 12-year-olds have a “very strong and robust” immune response that adds further protection that will last through the later, riskier periods. He also said the HPV vaccine can provide up to 6 years of protection.
“You always want to vaccinate before the period where there could be disease, and so it's very important to vaccinate before the onset of sexual activity, and 11- and 12-year-olds, of course, is before the onset of sexual activity, so this provides protection in anticipation of exposure later on in life,” he said.
The numbers for the Tdap were also particularly encouraging, Dr. Rodewald said. Vaccinations increased from 10.8% in 2006 to 30.4%. For a “new vaccine in its second year of recommendation,” he said, 30.4% “is very good because it usually takes 6–9 years to achieve the desired 90% coverage.”
Compared with the 2006 estimates, Dr. Rodewald said, other areas of improvement included the following:
▸ Vaccination coverage levels for three or more doses of hepatitis B and two or more doses of MMR vaccine were more than 80%, very close to the Healthy People 2010 goal.
▸ The one dose coverage of varicella vaccine, which protects against chickenpox, was 75.7%, but coverage with the new recommended two doses was low at 18.8% among preteens and teens without previous history of the disease.
▸ Of the adolescents surveyed, 32.4% received the meningococcal conjugate vaccination, compared with 11.7% in 2006.
Dr. Rodewald thanked and congratulated parents, doctors, and nurses for actively getting young children and adolescents vaccinated to improve the survey numbers, but he also encouraged them to continue to make sure these patients get the proper immunizations.
“The bottom line for the report card is we've got a great start for teens, but we need to keep this positive momentum going in order to provide the protection from infectious diseases that all teens should have.”