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Nerve monitoring linked to higher risk of vocal cord paralysis

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Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is a 'dreaded complication'

Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury resulting in vocal cord paralysis, voice, and swallowing dysfunction is a dreaded complication of thyroid surgery.

Fortunately, this is a relatively rare event, occurring anywhere from 0.5% to 2%, in experienced hands. The utilization of nerve monitoring has been proposed to potentially help decrease nerve injury, however, its real strength may be in helping to identify recurrent nerve injury intraoperatively. Knowing the recurrent laryngeal nerve is injured on one side may lead the surgeon to perform a partial thyroidectomy to avoid major airway issues.

The surgeon may choose to wait for nerve function to return before operating on the contralateral side. Utilization of nerve monitoring allows the surgeon to alter the course of the operation potentially leading to better patient outcomes.

Dr. Chung and colleagues have done an excellent job in adding valuable data to the controversial area of nerve monitoring during thyroid surgery. As they point out, their study is subject to the inherent limitations of large national database reviews. Since most thyroid surgeries are performed in the outpatient setting, it is likely that the Nationwide Inpatient Sample does not capture majority of the cases and reflects the more complicated cases, which required a longer length of stay. Recent data also suggest that the percentage of surgeons using nerve monitoring has increased significantly and that more than 70% of all fellows in training programs use nerve monitoring. This technology is not a substitute for an experienced surgeon but in the proper setting can be useful in making critical operative decisions.

Dr. Kepal N. Patel is an ACS Fellow; chief, Division of Endocrine Surgery; associate professor of surgery, biochemistry and otolaryngology; and director, Thyroid Cancer Interdisciplinary Program, New York University Langone Medical Center.


 

AT THE ACS CLINICAL CONGRESS

References

The investigators plan to repeat analyses using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample’s ambulatory data set next, according to Dr. Chung. “Being able to see whether or not this still holds true in an outpatient setting is definitely worthwhile,” he agreed.

Dr. Sosa further wondered about the roles of bilateral versus unilateral monitoring, and continuous versus intermittent monitoring, saying, “I think the approach an individual surgeon takes could definitely result in different outcomes. So I wonder, were you able to address at a more granular level the specific technologies employed?”

The Nationwide Inpatient Sample unfortunately does not capture information on these aspects of monitoring, said Dr. Chung. However, “with respect to continuous versus intermittent, we do think that that’s actually an important variable. It is possible that those who are using nerve monitoring are doing this in a continuous fashion, so when they perhaps injure the first side of the vocal cords, they may stop. So what was originally planned to be a total thyroidectomy from the get-go that had an intraoperative nerve injury may be aborted so as to not create any disastrous airway complications. That may also artificially increase the partial thyroidectomy results, thereby increasing vocal cord paralysis complications in the partial thyroidectomy group.”

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