DermaDiagnosis

Explaining Away Those Shades of Gray

Author and Disclosure Information

Hair loss

About 2 months ago, a 55-year-old man suddenly experienced complete hair loss in 1 confined area of his scalp. There were no accompanying symptoms. Some of the hair subsequently grew back, but it was partially gray—a phenomenon that greatly disturbed the patient.

In general, the patient’s health was quite good, although he reported that the initial hair loss occurred about 1 month after he lost his job and got divorced.

Most of the hair was missing from a roughly round, 5-cm, ill-defined area of the left parietal scalp. The few hairs left were gray. More disturbing, though, was a dark (brown, tan, and black), oddly shaped, 2.8-cm patch in the center of the alopecic area.

Punch biopsy from the bald area showed clear evidence of alopecia areata (T-cells surrounding hair follicles, and lack of features that would support other items in the differential). Shave biopsy of the dark patch showed seborrheic keratosis, with no atypia.

The new hairs came in gray because …

The patient was developing vitiligo.

Replacement hairs in resolving alopecia areata are often white initially.

Part of the dark patch was a melanoma, which can cause adjacent hairs to turn white.

The patient had experienced severe stress.

ANSWER

The correct answer is that new hairs growing in to replace those lost from alopecia areata tend to be white (choice “b”). They usually regain their normal color, eventually.

DISCUSSION

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune phenomenon implying an increased tendency to develop other autoimmune diseases (eg, vitiligo [choice “a”], which can appear initially in the scalp).

This case turned out to be simple but had the potential to be far more serious. The biopsy of the dark patch showed benign seborrheic keratosis, but it was possible that another section could have demonstrated features of melanoma (choice “c”). When present, melanoma can occasionally trigger an immune response that destroys pigment cells in hair follicles, causing the hairs to lose their pigment. This is why the entire dark patch was later excised. Fortunately, the pathology report ruled out melanoma.

While it has been reported that stress can cause hair to turn gray (choice “d”), there were better (and more accurate) explanations for this patient’s presentation.

This case, though fairly straightforward, serves as a reminder that it is our job as clinicians to connect the dots to rule out worst-case scenarios.

Outcome

This patient’s hair all grew back, regaining its normal color, without any treatment.

Recommended Reading

Leg rash
Clinician Reviews
Study highlights impact of acne in adult women on quality of life, mental health
Clinician Reviews
Pruritic welts
Clinician Reviews
Physicians question the future of TNF inhibitors for psoriasis, PsA
Clinician Reviews
He Needs More Than Lip Service for This Lesion
Clinician Reviews
Age, distance from dermatology clinic <p>predict number of melanomas diagnosed
Clinician Reviews
Bimekizumab approved in Europe for psoriasis treatment
Clinician Reviews
FDA okays difelikefalin for dialysis-associated pruritus in patients with CKD
Clinician Reviews
NIH to study COVID vaccine booster in people with autoimmune disease
Clinician Reviews
Ask about itch and joint pain in pediatric psoriasis patients, expert advises
Clinician Reviews