Watching repeated violence on television and video and in movies can blunt emotional responses to aggression in teenage boys. This desensitization might, in turn, promote aggressive attitudes and behavior, according to study published online Oct. 19.
Reactions to aggressive media decrease with repetition, which could in turn prevent teens from relating aggressive actions to the consequences from those actions, according to the study, published in Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.
(c) Vytenis Slajus/Fotolia.com
(c)Vytenis Slajus/Fotolia.com
"The important new finding is that exposure to the most violent videos inhibits emotional reactions to similar aggressive videos over time and implies that normal adolescents will feel fewer emotions over time as they are exposed to similar videos," Jordan Grafman, Ph.D., one of the investigators, said in a statement.
"The implications of this ... include the idea that continued exposure to violent videos will make an adolescent less sensitive to violence, more accepting of violence, and more likely to commit aggressive acts, since the emotional component associated with aggression is reduced and normally acts as a brake on aggressive behavior," said Dr. Grafman, senior investigator at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders.
The study enrolled 22 healthy male adolescents aged 14-17 years, none of whom had any history of psychiatric or neurologic illness. The subjects were paid to participate (SCAN 2010 [doi:10.1093/scan/nsq079]).
The researchers used 60 mute video snippets, each 4 seconds long, which contained real scenes of aggression, such as fist fights, street brawls, and stadium violence. They divided the videos into groups of 20 depending on their levels of aggression: low, mild, and moderate.
Each subject was asked to quickly view the videos, one after another, and to judge whether each video was more or less aggressive than the one prior to it. The subjects viewed each of the 60 video snippets and rated them.
As the subjects viewed and rated the videos, the investigators used MRIs to measure changes in their lateral orbitofrontal cortexes, the part of the brain thought to govern emotions and emotional responses to events. Electrodes were attached to the subjects' skin to measure skin conductance responses, which track sweat levels. Sweat levels can accurately indicate people’s emotions and responses to internal or external stimuli.
Data from the MRIs and the skin conductive responses showed that the boys reacted less to the videos the longer they watched them. They also reacted less over time to the mildly and moderately aggressive videos, indicating that they had become desensitized to them.
The study also asked the subjects to rate how much violence they saw on a regular basis in television, movies, video games, books, magazines, and Web sites. Those subjects who had the highest exposure to violence in their normal lives were the most desensitized to violence in the study, the authors wrote.
"We found that as the boys were exposed to more violent videos over time, their activation in brain regions concerned with emotional reactivity decreased and that was reflected in the data from the functional MRI and in the skin conductance responses," Dr. Grafman said.
Exposure to aggressive media results in a blunting of emotional responses, which in turn might prevent the subjects from connecting the consequences of aggression with an appropriate emotional response, the study said. This, in turn, could increase the likelihood that the subject will see aggression as an acceptable behavior, the study said.
"It remains unknown, however, whether individuals with elevated levels of aggression may be at particular risk for altered desensitization patterns towards media violence, pro-violent attitudes, and the acceptance of real-world violence as normal social behavior," the study concluded.
The investigators reported no conflicts of interest.