MACE Update

Over the last several years, we have come to understand that patients with inflammatory diseases may be at higher risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and cardiovascular death. In an article published online on October 28 in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, Ogdie et al reported on a study of the risk for MACEs among patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriasis without known PsA compared with the general population after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors.

The authors performed a population-based longitudinal cohort study (1994-2010) in The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a primary care medical record database in the United Kingdom. Patients aged 18 to 89 years with the applicable diagnoses were included. Up to 10 unexposed controls were selected for each patient with PsA, matched on practice and index date.

The study outcomes included the following: cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accidents, and the composite outcome (MACE). Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for each of the outcomes after adjusting for traditional risk factors. The authors’ preliminary hypothesis was that there was an interaction between disease status and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use.

In the analysis, the authors identified individuals with PsA (N=8706), RA (N=41,752), psoriasis (N=138,424), and unexposed controls (N=81,573). After adjusting for traditional risk factors, the risk for MACE was higher in the following populations: patients with PsA not prescribed a DMARD (HR, 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.49), patients with RA (no DMARD: HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.28-1.50; DMARD: HR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.46-1.70), patients with psoriasis not prescribed a DMARD (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02-1.15), and patients with severe psoriasis (DMARD: HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.17-1.73).

The authors concluded that cardiovascular risk should be addressed with all patients affected by psoriasis, PsA, or RA. These results suggest the need for improved screening and management of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in patients with inflammatory diseases.

What’s the issue?

Although there has been literature on MACE in these diseases, existing studies have not examined the risk for incident MACE including myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accidents, and cardiovascular death in PsA compared with matched internal controls from a population-based perspective after accounting for the presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. This study is an additional piece of evidence that supports the need for comprehensive management of these patients. How do you currently address the concern for MACE?

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