Minimal residual disease (MRD) after induction and/or consolidation chemotherapy is a significant risk factor for relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), authors noted in a recent review. They summarized methodologies employed in AML MRD detection and their application in clinical studies that provide evidence supporting the clinical utility of AML MRD testing. They also pointed out that future MRD evaluations will likely require combining multi-parameter flow cytometry and high-sensitivity molecular techniques performed during and after treatment in order to fully assess response.