Detecting molecular minimal residual disease among patients in complete remission was a significant independent predictor of relapse and survival in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), findings from a new study suggest.
Mojca Jongen-Lavrencic, MD, PhD, of the Erasmus University in the Netherlands, and colleagues conducted targeted next-generation sequencing on bone marrow or peripheral blood samples to detect minimal residual disease in 482 newly diagnosed AML patients aged 18-65 years. The sampling was conducted at diagnosis and again after induction therapy. The study endpoints included 4-year rates of relapse, relapse-free survival, and overall survival. The findings are reported in the New England Journal of Medicine.
Overall, at least one mutation was found in 430 patients (89.2%). Persistent DTA mutations, which are associated with age-related hematopoiesis, were not significantly associated with higher 4-year relapse rates, compared with no detection of DTA mutations (P = .29). However, having a persistent DTA mutation and a coexisting persistent non-DTA mutation was a significant predictor of relapse, with a 4-year relapse rate of 66.7% versus 39.4% for no detection (P = .002).
Similarly, having a persistent non-DTA mutation at any allele frequency was linked to an increase risk of relapse at 4 years (55.7% with detection versus 34.6% without detection, P = .001). Non-DTA mutation was also significantly associated with reduced relapsed-free survival and reduced overall survival.
The study was funded by the Queen Wilhelmina Fund Foundation of the Dutch Cancer, among others. There was no commercial funding for the study.
SOURCE: Jongen-Lavrencic M et al. N Engl J Med. 2018 Mar 29;378:1189-99.