News

High sodium intake increases heart disease risk in type 2 diabetics


 

FROM THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

References

High sodium intake can double the risk of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes patients – and increase it nearly 10-fold if the diabetes is poorly controlled, according to a recent study.

"It was suggested that dietary salt restriction as medical nutritional treatment would be useful to prevent complications of diabetes in patients with type 2 diabetes," Chika Horikawa of the University of Niigata, Japan, and her colleagues reported online (J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2014 July 22 [doi:10.1210/jc.2013-4315]).

© Schlegelfotos/iStockphoto

High sodium intake can increase likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes, says a new study.

The researchers assessed mean daily sodium intake from a baseline dietary survey of 1,588 participants, aged 40-70 years, with type 2 diabetes and hemoglobin A1c levels of at least 6.5%. The participants were recruited from 59 university and general hospitals in Japan and then tracked from intake, from January 1995 to March 1996, until March 2003 for cardiovascular disease, overt nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and all-cause mortality.

Over the 8 years of follow-up, cardiovascular disease occurred at a rate of 13.61 incidents/1,000 patient-years. Participants consuming the highest quartile of sodium – a mean 5.9 g/day – were twice as likely (hazard ratio, 2.07) as those consuming the lowest quartile – a mean 2.8 g/day – to develop cardiovascular disease, a significant difference. A sodium intake in the second and third quartiles increased cardiovascular disease risk 1.70 and 1.47 times, respectively, compared to the first quartile.

Patients with HbA1c greater than 9% and consuming sodium in the highest quartile were 9.91 times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease than were those in the first quartile with HbA1c less than 9%. The researchers found no association between sodium intake and risk of overt nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, or all-cause mortality.

The research was funded by Honjo International Scholarship Foundation, the University of Tsukuba Research Infrastructure Support Program, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. The authors had no disclosures.

Recommended Reading

Increased risk of heart attack confirmed in Sjögren’s syndrome patients
MDedge Internal Medicine
Lifestyle change program participation associated with reduced CVD incidence
MDedge Internal Medicine
Gene variant detects increased cardiometabolic risk among nonobese
MDedge Internal Medicine
Systemwide disparities seen in diagnosis, care of women with heart disease
MDedge Internal Medicine
Statin use linked to memory decline in elderly
MDedge Internal Medicine
Thiazide diuretics commonly unmask primary hyperparathyroidism
MDedge Internal Medicine
High total and LDL cholesterol levels increased risk of chronic kidney disease
MDedge Internal Medicine
Early low-dose menopausal hormone therapy did not affect atherosclerosis
MDedge Internal Medicine
Reassuring results on cardiovascular safety of DPP-4 inhibitors
MDedge Internal Medicine
Guideline adjusts perioperative cardiac care in noncardiac surgery
MDedge Internal Medicine