Reports From the Field

Changing Hospital Visiting Policies: From Families as “Visitors” to Families as Partners


 

References

Vidant Health

Vidant Health serves 1.4 million people in a 29-county region of eastern North Carolina and comprises over 70 primary and specialty physician office practices, a 900-bed academic medical center, 7 community hospitals, an ambulatory surgery center, and home health and hospice services. Vidant Health’s efforts to advance a culture of patient- and family-centered care began in the late 1990s in the James and Connie Maynard Children’s Hospital and the regional rehabilitation center, but this culture did not spread consistently throughout Vidant Health, leading to differing experiences of care for patients and families.

The Vidant Health executive team and senior leaders heard about these inconsistencies firsthand in the spring of 2007 when an employee shared her family’s experiences during her brother’s ICU stay. Christie Odom described how the visitation policy restricted her family’s access to her brother to 15-minute increments, 6 times a day, which led to heightened fear and anxiety for her brother, family, and friends and impeded patient and family engagement in care and decision-making. Odom’s brother died alone with no family by his side. A physical therapist, Odom observed that in the regional rehabilitation center, families were partners in care, yet in the adult ICU, they were visitors.

After hearing Christie’s story, the system’s executive team, board of directors, and physician leaders made a commitment to eliminate these restrictive visitation guidelines. Leaders understood that this would require the organization’s culture to change from viewing patients and families as passive recipients of care to recognizing them as partners. Subsequently, the commitment to patient-family partnerships was imbedded in key documents including the corporation’s strategic and 5-year quality plans. An Office of Patient-Family Experience was established at Vidant Medical Center in 2008 and, a year later, a corporate office was established to guide system transformation. Emphasis was placed on building a solid team of patient-family advisors and staff champions. An initial focus was to replace the restrictive visitation policy with family presence guidelines. A key tenet of these guidelines is that patients define who their family members are and how they should be included in care and decision-making.

This policy and practice change provided the impetus for ongoing evolution of patient-family partnerships. Patient-family advisors are now integrated across the health care system. They serve on performance improvement teams, make safety rounds, serve as faculty in education programs, interview applicants for key positions, and develop and edit patient education materials. The outcomes achieved by this system transformation are evidenced in exceptional HCAHPS performance, significant reductions in serious safety events and hospital acquired infections and national recognition for commitment to patient-family partnerships.

Conclusion

Changing the concept of families as visitors to families as partners in care, according to patient preference, is foundational to advancing the practice of patient- and family-centered care and to building a safe, high-quality, cost-effective system of care. In 2009, Lucian Leape and colleagues envisioned a transformed health care culture in which “the family is respected as part of the care team—never visitors—in every area of the hospital, including the emergency department and the intensive care unit” [8]. A 2014 report by the National Patient Safety Foundation’s Lucian Leape Institute affirmed, “patients and families can play a critical role in preventing medical errors and reducing harm” [9].

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