An ethical responsibility. Physicians have a long-recognized responsibility to participate in activities to protect and promote the health of the public. The American Medical Association Code of Medical Ethics includes “justice,” or treating patients fairly and equitably.24 This includes patients who have pedophilic interests. Unfortunately, the stigma associated with individuals who have sexual attraction to children is pervasive in our society, including among medical professionals. The first consideration in treating MAPs is to overcome the stigmatization within our field, to remember that as physicians we took an oath to provide treatment fairly, equitably, and in accordance with the patient’s rights and entitlement.24 This includes listening to MAPs’ treatment needs. Not all MAPs want or need treatment related to their sexual interest. As is the case with all patients, listening to the individual’s chief complaint is paramount. If a patient’s treatment needs are beyond the clinician’s expertise, the patient should be referred to another clinician.
Mandated reporting. MAPs may not engage in psychiatric treatment for fear of being reported to authorities as a result of mandated reporting laws. Although the circumstances under which mandated reporting may be required vary by jurisdiction, they generally include situations in which the health care professional has reasonable cause to believe that a child is suffering from abuse or neglect. A patient’s report of sexual urges and fantasies to have sexual contact with minors is not sufficient for mandated reporting. While professionals vary in their interpretation of mandated reporting laws, sexual thoughts alone do not meet the threshold for mandated reporting. Mandated reporting duties should be discussed when first meeting a patient with minor attraction. For clinicians who are uneasy about such distinctions, either supervision or not working with such patients is the solution.
The importance of providing competent and individualized treatment to MAPs is 2-fold. First, individuals who are experiencing psychiatric symptoms deserve to have access treatment. Second, providing psychiatric treatment to individuals with minor attractions is a step toward preventing child sexual abuse. The Prevention Project Dunkelfeld in Germany used public service announcements to advertise confidential treatment for individuals who had sexual interest in children.25 Many of the participants were interested in mental health treatment unrelated to their sexual interests. Such projects may help us understand the best way to meet the treatment needs of minor-attracted individuals, as well as reduce child sexual abuse. As psychiatrists, we can stop making the problem worse by withholding psychiatric treatment from an important population.
Resources for MAPs and clinicians
Currently, resources for MAPs and clinicians are limited. MAPs can communicate and find support among other MAPs in online forums (see Related Resources). These websites provide online peer support groups and guides for seeking therapy. Information for mental health professionals, including available literature, research projects, clinicians who provide specialized treatment, and a monthly “dialog on therapy” can be found on the B4U-ACT and the Global Prevention Project websites. However, beyond the DSM-5 definitions, psychiatric education and training on this topic is almost entirely lacking.
In light of the information discussed in this article, several important issues remain, including how psychiatrists can best reach this population, and how they can work toward decreasing stigma so they can provide meaningful care. The solutions start with education. Educating psychiatrists about this important population can decrease stigma and facilitate appropriate, compassionate care to these patients, with the result of improving the mental health of people with minor attraction and decreasing the incidence of child sexual abuse.
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