Minimal-Incision Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Cadaveric Study

Traditional exposure for total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is a deltopectoral incision of approximately 17 cm. Recent literature suggests that minimally invasive surgery for knee and hip arthroplasties may be successful in reducing perioperative morbidity and improving patient satisfaction. In the study reported here, we evaluated a minimal-incision approach to TSA. Using 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders, we performed TSAs through a 6-cm incision originating at the center of the coracoid process and extending distally along the deltopectoral interval. Soft-tissue releases, humeral osteotomy, and glenoid resurfacing were performed in all 10 cadaver shoulders using standard TSA retractors and guides. No skin or soft-tissue complications were observed. We conclude that it is technically possible to perform TSA through an appropriately placed minimal (6-cm) incision.