11. Lawrence RC, Felson DT, Helmick CG, et al; National Arthritis Data Workgroup. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part II. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(1):26-35.
12. CDC. Gout. www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/gout.htm. Accessed June 14, 2011.
13. Arromdee E, Michet CJ, Crowson CS, et al. Epidemiology of gout: is the incidence rising? J Rheumatol. 2002;29(11):2403-2406.
14. Wallace KL, Riedel AA, Joseph-Ridge N, Wortmann R. Increasing prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia over 10 years among older adults in a managed care population. J Rheumatol. 2004; 31(8):1582-1587.
15. Weaver AL. Epidemiology of gout. Cleve Clin J Med. 2008;75 suppl 5:S9-S12.
16. Mandell BF. Clinical manifestations of hyperuricemia and gout. Cleve Clin J Med. 2008;75 suppl 5:S5-S8.
17. Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW, et al. Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake, and the risk of gout in men. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(11):1093-1103.
18. Demarco MA, Maynard JW, Huizinga MM, et al. Younger age at gout onset is related to obesity in a community-based cohort. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Apr 11; [Epub ahead of print].
19. Brook RA, Forsythe A, Smeeding JE, Lawrence Edwards N. Chronic gout: epidemiology, disease progression treatment and disease burden. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(12):2813-2821.
20. Sachs L, Batra KL, Zimmermann B. Medical implications of hyperuricemia. Med Health R I. 2009;92(11):353-355.
21. Kellgren JH, Jeffrey MR, Ball J, eds. The Epidemiology of Chronic Rheumatism: Atlas of Standard Radiographs of Arthritis. Oxford: Blackwell; 1963:327.
22. Wu EQ, Patel PA, Mody RR, et al. Frequency, risk, and cost of gout-related episodes among the elderly: does serum uric acid level matter? J Rheumatol. 2009;36(5):1032-1040.
23. Riches PL, Wright AF, Ralston SH. Recent insights into the pathogenesis of hyperuricaemia and gout. Hum Mol Genet. 2009;18(R2):R177-R184.
24. Schumacher HR Jr. The pathogenesis of gout. Cleve Clin J Med. 2008;75 suppl 5:S2-S4.
25. Nakagawa T, Hu H, Zharikov S, et al. A causal role for uric acid in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2006;290(3):F625-F631.
26. Zhang W, Doherty M, Pascual E, et al; EULAR (European League Against Rheumatism) Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics. EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part I: Diagnosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(10):1301-1311.
27. Jordan KM, Cameron JS, Snaith M, et al. British Society for Rheumatology and British Health Professionals in Rheumatology guideline for the management of gout. Rheumatology. 2007;46(8):1372-1374.
28. Eggebeen AT. Gout: an update. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76(6):801-808.
29. Terkeltaub RA. Gout. N Engl J Med. 2003; 349(17):1647-1655.
30. Harris MD, Siegel LB, Alloway JA. Gout and hyperuricemia. Am Fam Physician. 1999;59(4): 925-934.
31. Schlesinger N. Dietary factors and hyperuricemia. Curr Pharm Des. 2005;11(32):4133-4138.
32. Ning TC, Keenan RT. Unusual presentations of gout. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2010;22(2): 181-187.
33. Menon RK, Mikhailidis DP, Bell JL, et al. Warfarin administration increases uric acid concentrations in plasma. Clin Chem. 1986;32(8):
1557-1559.
34. Wallace SL, Robinson H, Masi AT, et al. Preliminary criteria for the classification of the acute arthritis of primary gout. Arthritis Rheum. 1977;20(3):895-900.
35. Martinon F, Glincher LH. Gout: new insights into an old disease. J Clin Invest. 2006;116 (8):2073-2075.
36. Zampogna G, Andracco R, Parodi M, Cimmino MA. Clinical features of gout in a cohort of Italian patients [in Italian]. Reumatismo. 2009; 61(1):41-47.
37. Choi HK. A prescription for lifestyle change in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2010;22(2):165-172.
38. Bennett PH, Wood PH, eds. Population studies of the rheumatic diseases: proceedings of the Third International Symposium; June 5-10, 1966; New York, NY. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation; 1968:457-458.
39. Malik A, Schumacher HR, Dinnella JE, Clayburne GM. Clinical diagnostic criteria for gout: comparison with the gold standard of synovial fluid crystal analysis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2009;15 (1):22-24.
40. Wijnands JMA, Boonen A, Arts ICW, et al. Large epidemiologic studies of gout: challenges in diagnosis and diagnostic criteria. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2011;13(2):167-174.
41. Dodd LG, Major NM. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of articular and periarticular lesions. Cancer. 2002;96(3):157-165.
42. Dore RK. The gout diagnosis. Cleve Clin J Med. 2008;75 suppl 5:S17-S21.
43. Pettersson T. Sarcoid and erythema nodosum arthropathies. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2000;14(3):461-476.
44. Córdoba-Fernández A, Rayo-Rosado R. Pseudogout of the first metatarsophalangeal joint associated with hallux valgus: an atypical bilateral case. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2010;100(2):138-142.
45. Dalbeth N, McQueen FM. Use of imaging to evaluate gout and other crystal deposition disorders. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2009;21(2):124-131.
46. Wu EQ, Forsythe A, Guérin A, et al. Comorbidity burden healthcare resource utilization, and costs in chronic gout patients refractory to conventional urate-lowering therapy. Am J Ther. 2011 Feb 10; [Epub ahead of print].