CBT has significant benefit for comorbid insomnia
A 2015 meta-analysis of 23 studies enrolling a total of 1379 adults with a number of illnesses (chronic pain, alcohol dependence, breast cancer, psychiatric disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fibromyalgia) and comorbid insomnia investigated the qualitative effectiveness of individual or group CBT therapy.5 Subjects received at least 4 face-to-face sessions and at least 2 components of CBT.
The primary outcome showed that sleep quality improved, as measured by a 6.36-point reduction in the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI; a 7-question scale on which 0=no insomnia and 28=severe insomnia) and a 3.3-point reduction in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; a 7-category assessment tool on which 0=perfect quality and 21=poor quality). The effect size was large for both ISI and PSQI, as indicated by standard mean differences greater than 0.8 (1.22 and 0.88, respectively) and was sustained for as long as 18 months.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The American College of Physicians strongly recommends that all adult patients receive CBT as initial treatment for chronic insomnia disorder. It can be performed in multiple settings, including the primary care setting. Compared with hypnotics, CBT is unlikely to have any adverse effects.6