Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to subacute thyroiditis in some patients, which is suspected to have viral or postviral origin, especially with upper respiratory tract infections, according to a case study in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
Alessandro Brancatella, a PhD student at the University Hospital Pisa (Italy), and colleagues described the case of an 18-year-old woman who was tested Feb. 21 for SARS-CoV-2 infection after her father was hospitalized because of COVID-19. Her results were positive for the virus, and not long after, she developed mild symptoms. By March 13 and again on March 14, test swabs for SARS-CoV-2 were both negative.
On March 17, she presented with fever, fatigue, palpitations, and neck pain that radiated to her jaw. Testing and physical examination pointed to subacute thyroiditis, and she was soon diagnosed and treated with prednisone. Her neck pain and fever disappeared within 2 days, and the remaining symptoms went away within a week.
The authors noted that the woman’s thyroid had been evaluated before she tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and at that time, thyroid disease was ruled out. They also pointed out that, although the exact etiology for subacute thyroiditis is unknown, “it is common opinion that the disease is due to a viral infection or to a post-viral inflammatory reaction in genetically predisposed subjects.” They cited examples of viruses with suspected causal associations, including mumps, Epstein-Barr virus, and HIV, and they suggested that, based on the timing of the woman’s subacute thyroiditis and the normal results of her thyroid evaluation before developing COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 be added to that list.
“To our knowledge, this is the first case of [subacute thyroiditis] related to SARS-CoV-2,” they concluded. “We therefore believe that physicians should be alerted about the possibility of this additional clinical manifestation related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.”
One author reported funding from the University of Pisa.
SOURCE: Brancatella A et al. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 May 21. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa276.