WASHINGTON — Thousands of lives are being saved each year as health plans and physicians more closely follow quality measures such as giving β-blockers after a heart attack, managing hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, and controlling hemoglobin A1c levels, according to the latest report card from the National Committee for Quality Assurance.
And, plans that report publicly on these measures deliver higher quality care, said NCQA president Margaret O'Kane in a briefing.
The NCQA's recently released report card shows that commercial and Medicaid plans that publicly disclose NCQA-tracked quality measures perform anywhere from half a percent to 16% better than plans that do not disclose their data.
However, even with some notable successes, some of the gains—such as in controlling blood sugar—are starting to plateau, said Ms. O'Kane. And, there are still gaps in quality between top-performing and average health plans. Thousands more lives could be saved if the laggards did as well as the top-performers in the NCQA database, she said.
The report is based on data that are voluntarily submitted to the NCQA, which also accredits health plans. In 2006, 767 organizations—626 managed care plans covering private patients and Medicare and Medicaid enrollees, and 83 commercial and 58 Medicare PPO plans—submitted data using the NCQA's Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS).
Much of the data come from claims, but some also come from chart reviews. None of it is adjusted for severity of illness, socioeconomic, or other factors.
Approximately 84 million Americans were enrolled in plans that used HEDIS measures to report to the NCQA in 2006. Although that is a big number, at least 100 million Americans are in health plans that do not report quality data, and some 47 million have no insurance, said Ms. O'Kane. The quality picture is completely dark for the uninsured, she said.
But for those plans that did report, the news was good. Overall, commercial plans improved performance in 30 of 44 HEDIS measures where a trend could be discerned, Medicaid plans notched increases in 34 of 43 “trendable” measures, and Medicare plans achieved increase only on 7 of 21 trendable measures.
Among the biggest successes was that 98% of commercial plans, 94% of Medicare, and 88% of Medicaid plans reported prescribing a β-blocker upon discharge after acute myocardial infarction. Over the last 6 years, β-blocker treatment has saved an estimated 4,400–5,600 lives, said Ms. O'Kane.
Given the high prescribing rates, the NCQA will no longer track this measure. Instead, the organization will collect data on how many patients still receive β-blockers 6 months after discharge—currently, only about 74% in commercial plans and 70% for Medicare and Medicaid.
Childhood immunization rates are also at all-time highs, at about 80% for commercial plans and 73% for Medicaid plans for the recommended series of vaccinations.
There has been “stalling” in some of the older HEDIS measures, however, said Ms. O'Kane. Baseline screening for HbA1c has plateaued at 88% in commercial plans and is down slightly for Medicare and Medicaid, at 87% and 78%, respectively.
Cholesterol screening and control of total cholesterol are also trending flat or down. The NCQA has no explanation for the leveling off, said Ms. O'Kane.
Adherence to mental health measures—which are already abysmally low—has also been flat for almost a decade. For instance, only 20% of commercial, 21% of Medicaid, and 11% of Medicare plans are meeting the benchmark of treating newly diagnosed depression patients with an antidepressant and following up with at least three visits within the 12-week acute treatment phase. These rates have stayed virtually the same since 1998.
Similarly, patients who have been hospitalized for a mental illness are not getting quality care, said Ms. O'Kane. Only 57% of patients in commercial, 37% of those in a Medicare, and 39% of those in a Medicaid plan had a follow-up within a week of hospitalization. Rates improved somewhat a month out, to 75%, 55%, and 58%. Studies have shown that follow-up care decreases the risk of repeat hospitalizations and improves adherence, according to the NCQA.
The low follow-up rates are “a national disgrace,” said Ms. O'Kane, adding that for anyone to be “out 30 days with no one checking on you is unacceptable.”
Several new HEDIS measures are in place for 2007, including tracking of potentially harmful drug-disease interactions in the elderly.
And, for the first time, health plans are being asked to report on their use of resources in treating various conditions. In 2007, they are diabetes, asthma, and low back pain.
In 2008, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease will be added. These conditions account for 60% of health care spending, said Ms. O'Kane. The data will be used to determine the variations in resource use among health plans.