1. Elliot L, Nerney M, Jones T, Friedman PD. Barriers to screening for domestic violence. J Gen Intern Med 2002;17:112-116.
2. The Commonwealth Fund National Survey. First comprehensive national survey of American women finds them at significant risk [news release]. New York, NY: Commonwealth Fund; 1993.
3. Fogarty CT, Burge S, McCord EC. Communicating with patients about intimate partner violence: screening and interviewing approaches. Fam Med 2002;34:369-375.
4. Rodriguez M, Quiroga SS, Bauer H. Breaking the silence: battered women’s perspectives on medical care. Arch Fam Med 1996;5:153-158.
5. Rodriguez MA, Sheldon WR, Bauer HM, et al. The factors associated with disclosure of intimate partner abuse to clinicians. J Fam Pract 2001;50:338-344.
6. US Bureau of Justice Statistics. Highlights from 20 years of surveying crime victims: the National Crime Victimization survey, 1973–1992. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice; 1993.
7. Berrios DC, Grady D. Domestic violence: risk factors and outcome. West J Med 1991;155:133-135.
8. McFarlane J, Parker B, Soeken K, et al. Safety behaviors of abused women after an intervention during pregnancy. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1998;27:64-69.
9. Sullivan CM, Bybee DI. Reducing violence using community-based advocacy for women with abusive partners. J Consult Clin Psychol 1999;67:43-53.
10. Nicolaidis C. The voices of survivors’ documentary. Using patient narrative to educate physicians about domestic violence. J Gen Intern Med 2002;17:117-124.
11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Lifetime and annual incidence of intimate partner violence and resulting injuries—Georgia, 1995. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 47; 1998;47:849-853.
12. Hamberger KL, Saunders DG, Hovey M. Prevalence of domestic violence in community practice and rate of physician inquiry. Fam Med 1992;24:283-287.
13. McCauley J, Kern DE, Kolodner K, et al. The “battering syndrome”: prevalence and clinical characteristics of domestic violence in primary care internal medicine practices. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:737-746.
14. Koss MP, Koss PG, Woodruff WJ. Relation of criminal victimization to health perceptions among women medical patients. Arch Intern Med 1991;151:342-347.
15. Fanslow JL, Norton RN, Spinola CG. Indicators of assaultrelated injuries among women presenting to the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 1998;32:341-348.
16. Drossman DA, Lesserman J, Nachman G, et al. Sexual and Physical abuse in women with functional or organic gastrointestinal disorders. Ann Intern Med 1990;113:828-833.
17. Danielson KK, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Silva PA. Comorbidity between abuse of an adult and DSM-III-R mental disorders: Evidence from an epidemiological study. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:131-133.
18. Bergman B, Brismar B. A 5-year follow up study of 117 battered women. Am J Public Health 1991;81:1486-1489.
19. Muelleman RL, Lenaghan PA, Pakieser RA. Battered women: injury locations and types. Ann Emerg Med 1996;28:486-492.
20. Murphy CC, Schei B, Myhr TL, DuMont J. Abuse: A risk factor for low birth weight? A systematic review and metaanalysis. CMAJ 2001;164:1578-1579.
21. Saunders DG, Hamberger K, Hovey M. Indicators of woman abuse based on a chart review at a family practice center. Arch Fam Med 1993;2:537-543.
22. Wasson JH, Jette AM, Anderson J, et al. Routine, single-item screening to identify abusive relationships in women. J Fam Pract 2000;49:1017-1022.
23. Thompson CF, Atkins D. Screening for Family Violence Washington, DC: US Preventive Services Task Force; 1996.
24. Wathen CN, MacMillan HL. Interventions for violence against women: scientific review. JAMA 2003;289:589-600-e581-e510.
25. Ramsay J, Richardson J, Carter Y, Davidson L, Feder G. Should health professionals screen women for domestic violence? Systematic review. BMJ 2002;325:314-318.
26. Age Charts for Periodic Health Examination Reprint 510. Kansas City, KS: American Academy of Family Physicians; 1994.
27. Holbrook JH, Ende J, eds. Primary care internal medicine. In: Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program 11. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians; 1998:21-22.
28. Flitcraft A, Hadley S, Hendricks-Matthews MK, McLeer SV, Warshaw C. Diagnostic and Treatment Guidelines on Domestic Violence. Chicago, Ill: American Medical Association; 1992.
29. Dunn L, Brown C, Dickerson V, et al. The Obstetrician.-Gynecologist and Primary-Preventive Health Care. Washington, DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 1993.
30. Psychosocial Risk Factors: Perinatal Screening and Intervention. Educational Bulletin 255. Washington, DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; 1999.
31. McFarlane J, Christoffel K, Bateman L, et al. Assessing for abuse: self-report vs. nurse interview. Public Health Nurs 1991;4:245-250.
32. Canterino JC, Vanham LG, Harrigan JT, et al. Domestic abuse in pregnancy: a comparison of self completed domestic abuse questionnaire with directed interview. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:1049-1051.
33. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Hospital Manual. Standard PE1.9. Chicago, Ill: Joint Commission Resources, Inc; 2002.
34. Glass N, Dearwater S, Campbell J. Intimate partner violence screening and intervention: data from eleven Pennsylvania and California community hospital emergency departments. J Emerg Nurs 2001;27:141-149.
35. Thompson RS, Rivara FP, Thompson DC, et al. Identification and management of domestic violence, a randomized trial. Am J Prev Med 2000;19:253-263.
36. Harwell TS, Casten RJ, Armstrong KA, et al. Results of a domestic violence training program offered to staff of urban community health centers. Am J Prev Med 1998;15:235-242.
37. Larkin GL, Rolniak S, Hyman KB, et al. Effects of an administrative intervention on rates of screening for domestic violence in an urban emergency department. Am J Public Health 2000;90:1444-1448.
38. Sherin KM, Sinacore JM, Li X, et al. HITS: a short domestic violence screening tool for use in a family practice setting. Fam Med 1998;30:508-512.
39. Brown JB, Lent B, Brett PJ, et al. Development of the woman abuse screening tool for use in family practice. Fam Med 1996;28:422-428.
40. Fogarty CT, Brown JB. Screening for abuse in Spanish-speaking women. J Am Board Fam Pract 2002;15:101-111.
41. Coker AL, Pope BO, Smith PH, et al. Assessment of clinical partner violence screening tools. J Am Med Womens Assoc 2001;56:19-23.
42. Straus MA. Measuring intrafamily conflict and violence: the conflicts tactics scale. J Marriage Fam 1979;4:75-88.
43. Hudson WW, McIntosh SR. The assessment of spouse abuse: two quantifiable dimensions. J Marriage Fam 1981;43:873-888.
44. Campbell JC. Nursing assessment for risk of homicide with battered women. ANS Adv Nurs Sci 1986;8:36.-
45. Elliot BA, Johnson MMP. Domestic violence in primary care setting: patterns and prevalence. Arch Fam Med 1995;4:113-119.
46. Holt VL, Kernic MA, Lumley T, Wolf ME, Rivara FP. Civil protection orders and risk of subsequent police reported violence. JAMA 2002;288:589-594.
47. Gerbert B, Caspers N, Milliken N, et al. Interventions that help victims of domestic violence: a qualitative analysis of physicians’ experiences. J Fam Pract 2000;49:889-895.
48. Straus HE, Rydman RJ, Roberts RR, et al. A three months prospective outcomes study of recently abused women. Acad Emerg Med 2001;8(5):461.-
49. Muelleman RL, Feighny KM. Injury prevention: effects of an emergency department based advocacy program for battered women on community resource utilization. Ann Emerg Med 1999;33:62-66.
50. Sullivan CM, Campbell R, Angelique H, et al. An advocacy intervention program for women with abusive partners: six month follow up. Am J Comm Psychol 1994;22:101-122.