Speech, language, hearing delays: Time for early intervention?

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Applied Evidence

Speech, language, hearing delays: Time for early intervention?

J Fam Pract. 2015 March;64(3):E1-E9

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References

1. Wankoff LS. Warning signs in the development of speech, language, and communication: when to refer to a speech-language pathologist. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs. 2011;24:175-184.

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17. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. Your baby’s hearing and communicative checklist. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Web site. Available at: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/hearing/silence.asp. Accessed January 24, 2015.

18. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Effects of hearing loss on development. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Web site. Available at: http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Effects-of-Hearing-Loss-on-Development/. Accessed January 24, 2015.

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20. Tang BG, Feldman HM, Padden C, et al. Delayed recognition of profound hearing loss in a 7-year-old girl with a neurological condition. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2010;31(3 suppl):S42-S45.

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28. Mullen R, Schooling T. The National Outcomes Measurement System for Pediatric Speech-Language Pathology. Lang Speech Hearing Services Schools. 2010;41:44-60.

Is therapy effective? Speech and language pathologists use the National Outcomes Measurement System (NOMS) as an index of the outcomes of treatment on functional communication along 6 scales. The most frequent types of communication problems seen in the prekindergarten children’s NOMS were “articulation” (75% of children), “spoken language production” (61%), and “spoken language comprehension” (42%). Problems in the remaining 3 scales (“pragmatics,” “cognitive orientation,” and “swallowing”) were seen in fewer than 15% of the preschool-age students.²⁸

Articulation therapy yielded improvement in 69.3% of cases, spoken language comprehension therapy in 65.3%, and spoken language production therapy in 65.2%.²⁸ Such outcomes support regular screening of children’s communication development and, as needed, referral for EI.

TABLE 3

Links to early intervention government agencies by state
Alabama	http://rehab.alabama.gov/individuals-and-families/early-intervention
Alaska	http://dhss.alaska.gov/ocs/Pages/infantlearning/default.aspx
Arizona	https://www.azdes.gov/azeip
Arkansas	http://humanservices.arkansas.gov/ddds/Pages/FirstConnectionsProgram.aspx
California	http://www.dds.ca.gov/earlystart/
Colorado	http://www.eicolorado.org
Connecticut	http://www.birth23.org/
Delaware	http://www.dhss.delaware.gov/dms/epqc/birth3/directry.html
Florida	http://www.floridahealth.gov/alternatesites/cms-kids/families/early_steps/early_steps.html
Georgia	http://www.gadoe.org/Curriculum-Instruction-and-Assessment/Curriculum-and-Instruction/Pages/Early-Intervention-Program.aspx
Hawaii	http://health.hawaii.gov/eis/
Idaho	http://www.healthandwelfare.idaho.gov/Children/InfantToddlerProgram/Earlyinterventionservices/tabid/404/Default.aspx
Illinois	http://www.dhs.state.il.us/page.aspx?item=31889
Indiana	http://www.in.gov/fssa/4655.htm
Iowa	http://www.earlyaccessiowa.org
Kansas	http://www.ksits.org
Kentucky	http://chfs.ky.gov/dph/firststeps.htm
Louisiana	http://new.dhh.louisiana.gov/index.cfm/page/139/n/139
Maine	http://www.maine.gov/doe/cds/
Maryland	http://www.marylandpublicschools.org/MSDE/divisions/earlyinterv/infant_toddlers/index.html
Massachusetts	http://www.mass.gov/eohhs/gov/departments/dph/programs/family-health/early-intervention/
Michigan	http://www.michigan.gov/mde/0,4615,7-140-6530_6809-127141--,00.html
Minnesota	http://education.state.mn.us/MDE/JustParent/EarlyLearnKReadi/HelpMeGrow/
Mississippi	http://msdh.ms.gov/msdhsite/_static/41,0,74.html
Missouri	http://dese.mo.gov/se/fs/
Montana	http://www.dphhs.mt.gov/dsd/homebasedservicestofamilies/earlyinterventionservices.shtml
Nebraska	http://edn.ne.gov/cms/
Nevada	http://health.nv.gov/beis.htm
New Hampshire	http://www.dhhs.nh.gov/dcbcs/bds/earlysupport/
New Jersey	http://www.nj.gov/health/fhs/eis/
New Mexico	http://nmhealth.org/about/ddsd/cpb/fit/
New York	http://www.health.ny.gov/community/infants_children/early_intervention/
North Carolina	http://www.beearly.nc.gov
North Dakota	http://www.nd.gov/dhs/services/disabilities/earlyintervention/
Ohio	http://www.helpmegrow.ohio.gov/en/Early%20Intervention/Early%20Intervention.aspx
Oklahoma	http://www.ok.gov/health/County_Health_Departments/Carter_County_Health_Department/SoonerStart_Early_Intervention/
Oregon	http://www.ode.state.or.us/search/results/?id=252
Pennsylvania	http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/portal/server.pt/community/early_intervention/8710
Rhode Island	http://www.eohhs.ri.gov/Consumer/ConsumerInformation/Healthcare/PeoplewithSpecialNeedsandDisabilities/Children/EarlyIntervention.aspx
South Carolina	http://www.ddsn.sc.gov/CONSUMERS/EARLY-INTERVENTION/Pages/default.aspx
South Dakota	https://doe.sd.gov/oess/sped_CEIS.aspx
Tennessee	http://www.tn.gov/education/teis/
Texas	http://www.dars.state.tx.us/ecis/
Utah	http://www.utahbabywatch.org
Vermont	http://dcf.vermont.gov/cdd/cis/IDEA_Part_C_early_intervention
Virginia	http://www.infantva.org
Washington	http://www.del.wa.gov/development/esit/Default.aspx
West Virginia	http://www.wvdhhr.org/birth23/
Wisconsin	http://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/children/birthto3/
Wyoming	http://www.health.wyo.gov/ddd/earlychildhood/index.html

CORRESPONDENCE
Christopher Mulrine, EdD; William Paterson University, 1600 Valley Road 3003 Wayne, NJ 07474-0920; mulrinec@wpunj.edu