Key clinical point: The second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) may be feasible in a selected subset of patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (rAML) after the first HCT (HCT1). Specifically, patients with chronic graft vs. host disease (cGVHD) after HCT1 and high HCT comorbidity score at the second transplant show poor survival following the second HCT.
Major finding: At 2 years after the second HCT, the cumulative incidence of progression, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and nonrelapse mortality was 42%, 36%, 27%, and 18%, respectively. cGVHD after HCT1 and HCT comorbidity index 2 or higher at the second HCT were associated with significantly worse OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.9; P = .001 and aHR, 2.6; P = .003, respectively) and PFS (aHR, 3.4; P less than .001 and aHR, 2.1; P = .01, respectively) after the second HCT.
Study details: Findings are from a retrospective analysis of 91 adult patients who received the second HCT for rAML between January 2000 and August 2019.
Disclosures: No specific funding source was identified. The authors declared no conflicts of interest.
Source: Yalniz FF et al. Transplant Cell Ther. 2021 May 20. doi: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.05.007 .