Key clinical point: An aerosolized surfactant treatment was well tolerated and significantly reduced intubation and liquid surfactant administration among infants with respiratory distress.

Major finding: Rates of intubation and surfactant administration were 50% in the intervention arm and 26% in the usual care arm (P < .001).

Study details: A prospective, nonblinded, multicenter trial enrolling 497 infants with signs of respiratory distress syndrome at 22 neonatal ICUs, randomized to usual care or intervention.

Disclosures: ONY Biotech, manufacturer of the study drug Infasurf, sponsored the trial. Dr. Cummings and one coauthor disclosed consulting arrangements with the sponsor, and another coauthor is an employee of the sponsor. The remaining investigators had no relevant financial disclosures.